Leading-party-initiated cryptologic coordinated symmetric conditional key release

ABSTRACT

A system supports symmetric release of cryptologically-locked asset transactions. A leading exchange party and a reciprocal exchange party establish, at least in part, a peer challenge in a pre-exchange proposal. The reciprocal party uses the peer challenge to lock a cryptologically-locked asset transaction. The solution to the peer challenge corresponds to an exchange key controlled by the leading exchange party. After establishment of the cryptologically-locked asset transaction, the leading party may request that exchange logic initiate release of the cryptologically-locked asset transaction. In response to the request, the exchange logic may execute a symmetric release of the exchange key and/or signature to the reciprocal exchange party and cryptologically-locked asset transaction (such that the asset is transferred to the leading exchange party).

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claimes is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/___,___, filed 30 Oct. 2019, bearing attorney docket no. 15718/504,and titled Cryptologic Coordinated Symmetric Conditional Key Release,which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

PRIORITY

This application claims priority to Singaporean Patent Application No.10201910109R, filed 30 Oct. 2019, bearing attorney docket no. 908SG376,and titled Leading-Party-Initiated Cryptologic Coordinated SymmetricConditional Key Release, which is incorporated by reference in itsentirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to key release operations that are conditionaland coordinated.

BACKGROUND

Rapid advances in electronics and communication technologies, driven byimmense customer demand, have resulted in newly emerging secure networktransactions. Improvements in the hardware and software implementationsof the underlying processing and privacy features for the transactionswill increase the security, reliability, and speed of theimplementations.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows an example exchange environment.

FIG. 2 shows example exchange logic.

FIG. 3 shows an example exchange execution platform.

FIG. 4 shows an example illustrative execution scenario for exampleimplementation exchange logic.

FIG. 5 shows example exchange logic.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Exchange parties may determine to perform an asset exchange. The assetexchange may be facilitated through pre-selected exchange platform. Forexample, the exchange parties may lack commonality in asset types amongtheir respective holdings or commonality in asset geography.Additionally or alternatively, the exchange parties may lack commonalityin transaction networking, transaction relationships, and/or transactioninfrastructure. Thus, a third party may provide a platform on which theexchange parties may provide assets in types and geographies and throughrelationships available to them and receive assets in the types andgeographies that have value to them. In some examples, the exchangeparties may lack mutual trust and accordingly may designate a neutralthird party to facilitate finalization of the transaction without cedingcontrol of the asset itself to the third party (e.g., the exchangeplatform). Rather, the party transferring (e.g., a reciprocal party) theasset may lock an asset transaction transferring an asset to a receivingparty (e.g., a leading party). Then, the reciprocal exchange party mayturn over control of the locked asset transaction (as opposed to controlof the asset itself) to the exchange platform. The exchange platform maythen finalize the transaction by meeting the conditions for release ofthe transaction which may be defined, at least in part, in a peerchallenge as discussed below.

In some cases, the exchange parties may prefer to avoid placing assetsin the control/custody of a third party even in scenarios whereexecuting the transaction through a third party (e.g., due to assetcommonality issues) may be expedient. For the example exchange, areciprocal exchange party may setup the cryptologically-locked assettransaction such that the exchanged asset is addressed to the leadingexchange party at the outset. Accordingly, the third party is notnecessarily provided with the ability to redirect assets at any point inthe transaction. Like an intermediate network transporting encapsulatedVPN packets, the third party may either (when proper conditions are met)release the asset to the transaction addressee or decline to do so. Insome cases, revocation of a transaction may occur without input by thethird party (e.g., through time locks as discussed below). Hence, theexchange platform may not necessarily be give even the authority toredirect an asset to its sender (as opposed to the addressee). Rather,the trust placed in the exchange platform is to fully and fairly executerelease of the locked asset transaction and to release the transactionand exchange key symmetrically. Accordingly, upon finalization by theexchange platform, the reciprocal party has knowledge of the exchangekey and the leading party and control of the asset is transferred to theleading party. Further, in various embodiments, the operations of theexchange platform may be defined using executable code provisionedand/or audited by the exchange parties. In some cases, trustlessauditing schemes may be used to implement the code on the exchangeplatform.

In some cases, various operations of the exchange may be performed in adistributed framework with a centralized authority coordinating actionsbetween the distributed nodes performing the exchange. In some cases,various ones of the peer nodes may implement a distributed ledgertechnology (DLT) or blockchain operations forming a peer network. Insome cases, a blockchain and/or distribution on a peer network may beused to release exchange keys/locked transactions when finalizingtransactions.

In some cases, placing trust in interested parties in an exchangeprovides competing points of security failure. Coordinated, symmetricrelease of the exchange key and locked asset transaction provides asecurity improvement to the operation of electronic transaction systems.Accordingly, the techniques and architectures discussed herein provideimprovement over existing solutions in the market.

When exchanging parties lack mutual trust, a trusted third intermediarymay take control of the assets in the exchange. Without the third party,the first party to relinquish control of their asset risks being cheatedby the exchange counterpart. Hence, the parties are left in a stalemateboth being unwilling to be the first actor and unable to move forwardwith the transaction. Accordingly, the conventional wisdom is a solutionin which each party relinquishes control to a mutually trusted thirdparty that verifies that both parties have acted. The architectures andtechniques discussed herein represent a departure from the conventionalwisdom by instead retaining control and direction of the assets with theexchanging parties. Specifically, the reciprocal exchange party locks anasset transaction and sets conditions for release to the leading party.The third party is called to verify the locking, verify the satisfactionof conditions, and symmetrically finalize the exchange. However,contrary to conventional wisdom control/custody of the assets may notnecessarily be given to the third party. Rather, the third party'scontrol is circumscribed to include the locked asset transaction and notthe asset itself.

FIG. 1 shows an example exchange environment 100. In the exampleexchange environment 100, a reciprocal exchange party 110 may receive achallenge puzzle 112 from a leading exchange party 120 in a pre-exchangeproposal. An exchange key 122 presumably controlled and/or known by theleading exchange party corresponds to the solution to the challengepuzzle 112. In various implementations, the challenge puzzle 112 mayinclude a cryptologic puzzle. “Cryptologic” may be used to describe anytechnology or algorithm based on encryption, obfuscation, hashing, orother cipher-based system. The reciprocal party may, based on thechallenge puzzle 112 generate a peer challenge 114 to which the exchangekey 122 corresponds to a solution. The peer challenge 114 may, uponsolution, complete one of the conditions for release of acryptologically-locked asset transaction 116 that, upon release,transfers ownership/control of an asset 118 to an addressee, which maybe the leading exchange party or associated with the leading exchangeparty 120. In some cases, an additional condition for release of thecryptologically-locked asset transaction may be a signature 124 of thecryptologically-locked asset transaction 116 by the exchange platform.The reciprocal peer challenge may be provided (e.g., by a reciprocalnode associated with the reciprocal exchange party 110) such thatexchange logic 199 operating on an exchange execution platform 198 asdiscussed below, may access the peer challenge 114.

In some cases, cryptologically-locked asset transactions 116 may belocked through schemes including hashed locks and hashed time-locks.However, other key-based asset locking schemes may be used. In somecases, such locking schemes may support timeout windows, which uponexpiry, may revert an asset to the asset originator, in some cases thismay be interpreted as the cryptologically-locked asset transaction 116expiring without altering ownership of the asset. A timeout window mayprotect the asset originator from an asset loss incurred if an exchangedoes not go through to finalized execution. For example, this mayprevent an asset from being permanently tied to a never-expiringcryptologically-locked asset transaction, thus robbing the assetoriginator of full use of the asset.

In various implementations the peer challenge 114 may be unambiguouslyand (in some cases) trivially derived from the challenge puzzle 112. Forexample, clear derivation from the challenge puzzle 112 may increaseconfidence and verifiability that the solution of the peer challenge 114is the exchange key 122.

In various implementations, the reciprocal exchange party 110 mayrequire a signature 124 (e.g., on the cryptologically-locked assettransaction 116 and/or accompanied by the released transaction) from theexchange platform as a condition of release of thecryptologically-locked asset transaction 116. Accordingly, thecryptologically-locked asset transaction 116 may be released when it issigned by the exchange platform and exchange key (e.g., the solution tothe peer challenge 114) is sent to the reciprocal party 110.

Continuing to refer to FIG. 1 and now referring additionally to FIG. 2,FIG. 2 shows example exchange logic 199, which may be implemented oncircuitry (e.g., exchange circuitry). The exchange logic 199, e.g., vianetwork interface circuitry, may obtain the peer challenge 114 and thecryptologically-locked asset transaction 116 (202). As discussed above,the peer challenge 114 may have a solution corresponding to the exchangekey 122 held by the leading party.

In various implementations, the exchange logic 199 may obtain the peerchallenge 114 and the cryptologically-locked asset transaction 116 byreceiving the peer challenge 114 and the cryptologically-locked assettransaction 116 over a communication link from a reciprocal nodeassociated with the reciprocal exchange party; accessing the peerchallenge 114 and the cryptologically-locked asset transaction 116 on ablockchain; receiving the peer challenge 114 and thecryptologically-locked asset transaction 116 from a peer node within apeer network; assessing the peer challenge 114 and thecryptologically-locked asset transaction 116 on a distributed ledger;accessing the peer challenge 114 and the cryptologically-locked assettransaction 116 on shared storage; or via other datacommunications/operations.

In an example scenario, the exchange logic 199 may execute within one ormore peer nodes on a peer network hosting a distributed ledger. Thereciprocal exchange party 110 may provide the peer challenge 114 to oneor more peer nodes within the peer network, which may generate a recordof the peer challenge 114 on the distributed ledger. Once recorded, thepeer challenge 114 may be accessed by the peer nodes (e.g., with properpermissions in some cases). In some cases, the distributed ledger may beimplemented on blockchain-based storage. In some implementations, theexchange logic may operate in a non-distributed and/or non-blockchainenvironment. For example, the exchange logic may operate on acentralized or centrally-controlled (but physically distributed)platform.

In some implementations, the peer challenge 114 may be digitally signedusing a reciprocal private key associated with (e.g., under the controlof) the reciprocal exchange party. For example, a digital signature mayensure ownership of the peer challenge 114 can be traced to thereciprocal exchange party 110. The reciprocal private key may be pairedwith a reciprocal public key that may be used to verify the authenticityof the digital signature.

The exchange logic 199 may obtain a request to release the reciprocalcryptologically-locked asset transaction. The request may include theexchange key 122. For example, the leading exchange party 120 mayprovide a request to release the reciprocal cryptologically-locked assettransaction using its control/knowledge of the exchange key 122. Forexample, the request to release the cryptologically-locked assettransaction 116 may be sent by the leading exchange party 120 inresponse to a notification from the reciprocal party that thecryptologically-locked asset transaction 116 was sent to the exchangelogic 199.

In some implementations, the exchange logic 199 may send a request 115for the exchange key to the leading party (204). For example, uponreceiving the cryptologically-locked asset transaction 116, the exchangelogic 199 may obtain an address for the leading exchange party, forexample, by reading the address to which the asset is to be sent. Therequest 115 may include a reference to the peer challenge or portions(e.g., reproductions) of the code of the peer challenge itself. Further,the request may include a reference to the cryptologically-locked assettransaction 116 or portions (e.g., reproductions) of the code of thecryptologically-locked asset transaction 116 itself. Additionally oralternatively, the request 115 may include an identifier or reference tothe asset 118 (e.g., rather than the cryptologically-locked assettransaction 116). Various implementations may support different requestcontent—where the request content allows the leading exchange party 120to identify the asset 118 being transferred and the exchange key 122needed to release the transaction. The request 115 may further includesecurity elements, such as signatures from the exchange executionplatform 198 or reciprocal party 110, to help the leading exchange partydetermine the authenticity of the request 115.

Responsive to the request 115, the leading exchange party 120 mayprovide the exchange key 122 to the exchange logic (205). In someimplementations, the leading exchange party 120 may sign the exchangekey 122 upon provision to the exchange logic 199.

The exchange logic 199 may execute release of the cryptologically-lockedasset transaction 116 once the exchange key 122 is received from theleading exchange party 120. The exchange logic 199 may verify theexchange key against the reciprocal peer challenge (206). For example,the exchange logic 199 may apply the exchange key 122 to the peerchallenge 114 to verify that the exchange key 122 is a solution to thepeer challenge 114.

Additionally or alternatively, the exchange logic 199 may request adigital signature using a private key controlled by and/or known to theleading exchange party. In some cases, the exchange key and/or requestmay be signed. In some cases, the exchange logic 199 may provide thecryptologically-locked asset transaction 116 to the leading exchangeparty for digital signature by the leading exchange party.

After verification, the exchange logic 199 may finalize execution of theresponse by facilitating release the cryptologically-locked assettransaction (e.g., transferring ownership/control of the asset 118 theleading exchange party). To facilitate release of thecryptologically-locked asset transaction 116, the exchange logic 199(e.g., acting on behalf of the exchange platform) may apply a signature124 to the cryptologically-locked asset transaction, and release the keyto the reciprocal exchange party (210). With the conditions of thecryptologically-locked asset transaction 116 fulfilled, the exchangelogic 199 may execute a symmetric release by, for example, releasing theexchange key 122 to the reciprocal party (210) at the same time as (orwithin a particular time window) the signature 124 applied to thecryptologically-locked asset transaction is sent to an verificationauthority (208). In some cases, the signed transaction may be published(e.g., on a distributed ledger) as a part of sending the transaction tothe authentication party. Releasing the exchange key 122/signed 124transaction include publicizing the exchange key 122/signature 124 and,as a result, entitling the leading exchange party to release of thecryptologically-locked asset transaction 116, publicizing the exchangekey also operates to release/furnish the exchange key to the reciprocalexchange party (e.g., resulting in coordinate, symmetric release). Insome cases, the authentication party may include a neutral third partyother than the exchange platform, the reciprocal party, the leadingpartying, one or more peer nodes on a distributed network, or somecombination thereof.

As an effect of the finalization (assuming successfully release of thelocked asset transaction 116), ownership/control of the asset 118 istransferred to the leading party 120 through release of thecryptologically-locked asset transaction 116 (212). As discussed above,the exchange logic 199 may lack the authority to control the results ofreleasing the cryptologically-locked asset transaction 116. Rather, theexchange logic 199 may either facilitate the completion of theconditions for release of the cryptologically-locked asset transaction116 or fail/decline to do so.

Additionally or alternatively, a signature of the leading party may be acondition of the cryptologically-locked asset transaction 116. Therequirement of signature by the leading party 116 may ensure that theleading party has the opportunity to verify and is appraised of allconditions and addresses used in the cryptologically-locked assettransaction 116 before providing the exchange key 122. The may help toensure that the leading party 120 is unable to later claim non-knowledgeof an incorrect address or other inappropriate condition of transfer andimply the that reciprocal party 110 obtained the exchange key throughdeception or is responsible for a misdirected asset transfer.

The release of the exchange key may be effected by: publishing theexchange key 122/signature 124 on a distributed ledger (e.g., where adistributed ledger is implemented); storing the exchange key122/signature 124 in a decrypted form; distributing the exchange key122/signature 124 over a peer network (e.g., using the peer nodes on apeer network to publicize the exchange key 122/signature 124 to ensureeventual access by the reciprocal exchange party); encrypting theexchange key 122/signature 124 using a public key associated with thereciprocal exchange party or other agreed-to cryptologic key (e.g., asdiscussed above); addressing the exchange key 122/signature 124 to thereciprocal exchange party (e.g., the exchange key 122/signature 124 maybe unicast using one of various communication operations at a reciprocalnode associated with the reciprocal exchange party); sending theexchange key 122/signature 124 to a reciprocal node over a communicationlink (e.g., a directed communication link such as a tunnel or otherlink); or other scheme for delivery of the exchange key 122/signature124 into the possession of reciprocal exchange party (or in some casesanother authentication party).

In various implementations, the cryptologically-locked asset transaction116 may establish a timeout window. After the timeout window expires,the cryptologically-locked asset transaction 116 may cause the assets torevert to their pre-exchange states (e.g., control by the originatingparties). Accordingly, as discussed above, the exchange executionplatform 198 for execution of the exchange) may either execute theexchange and cause the symmetric release of the exchange key and thetransaction 116 or decline to execute the transaction. Because thetimeout window may self-execute the reversion to pre-exchange states,the control executed by the exchange logic 199 may be circumscribed bythe reciprocal party. For example, the exchange logic may act as a gatefor determining to proceed with cryptologically-locked asset transaction116, but may not necessarily have similar gate status with regard toreversion.

FIG. 5 shows example exchange logic 199. In the example shown in FIG. 5,the exchange logic 199 may obtain a request 515 to release thecryptologically-locked asset transaction (504). For example, theexchange logic 199 may receive the request 515 in a communication fromthe leading exchange party 120. In some cases, the request may includethe exchange key 122. For example, the leading exchange party 120 mayprovide a request to release the reciprocal cryptologically-locked assettransaction using its control/knowledge of the exchange key 122. Forexample, the request to release the cryptologically-locked assettransaction 116 may be sent by the leading exchange party 120 inresponse to a notification from the reciprocal party that thecryptologically-locked asset transaction 116 was sent to the exchangelogic 199. Additionally or alternatively, the leading party rely oninformation obtain in the pre-exchange proposal.

In response to the request 515 to release the cryptologically-lockedasset transaction, the exchange logic 199 may obtain the exchange key122. In some cases, the request 515 may include the exchange key 122.Accordingly, the exchange logic 199 may extract the exchange key 122from the request 515. In some cases, the request may include a referenceor pointer to a location of exchange key 122. In some cases, the request515 may include instructions regard how the exchange key 122 may beobtained. In some cases, the exchange logic 199 may respond to therequest 515 with a request 115 for the exchange key 122 from the leadingexchange party 120.

FIG. 3 shows an example exchange execution platform 198. The exampleexchange execution platform 198 may include system logic 314 to supportexecution of the exchange logic 199 described above. The system logic314 may include processors 316, memory 320, and/or other circuitry. Invarious implementations, the example exchange execution platform 198 mayact as (and/or incorporate) the exchange circuitry when specificallyconfigured to implement exchange logic 199.

The memory 320 may include challenge data 352, hash parameters 354, andnetwork data 356 to facilitate exchanges and symmetric release. Thememory 320 may further include applications and structures 366, forexample, cryptologic primitives 372, security credentials 374, machineinstructions 376, templates 378, or other structures to peer networkoperations, exchange key release, asset release, exchange keyverification, distributed ledger access, blockchain access, peer networkinteractions, request generation, authorization document capture, and/orother tasks described above. The applications and structures mayimplement the exchange logic 199.

The example exchange execution platform 198 may also includecommunication interfaces 312, which may support wireless, e.g.Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WLAN, cellular (4G, LTE/A), and/or wired, Ethernet,Gigabit Ethernet, optical networking protocols. The communicationinterfaces 312 may also include serial interfaces, such as universalserial bus (USB), serial ATA, IEEE 1394, lighting port, I²C, slimBus, orother serial interfaces. The communication interfaces 312 may be used asnetwork interface circuitry to support and/or implement peer networkinteractions, remote operation, peer network participation, blockchainaccess, request transfer, or other tasks. The example exchange executionplatform 198 may include power functions 334 and various inputinterfaces 328. The example exchange execution platform 198 may alsoinclude a user interface 318 that may include human-to-machine interfacedevices and/or graphical user interfaces (GUI). The user interface 318may be used to support and/or implement local or localized operation(noting that the example exchange execution platform 198 itself may bedistributed) of the example exchange execution platform 198. In variousimplementations, the example exchange execution platform 198 implementedas the exchange circuitry and may be distributed over one or morephysical servers, be implemented as one or more virtual machines, beimplemented in container environments such as Cloud Foundry or Docker,and/or be implemented in Serverless (functions as-a-Service)environments.

In some cases, the example exchange execution platform 198 may be aspecially defined computational system deployed in a cloud platform,with a localized control terminal. In some cases, the parametersdefining the execution environment may be specified in a manifest forcloud deployment. The manifest may be used by an operator to requisitioncloud based hardware resources, and then deploy the software components,for example, the applications and structures 366, of the exampleexchange execution platform 198 onto the hardware resources. In somecases, a manifest may be stored as a preference file such as a YAML (yetanother mark-up language), JSON, or other preference file type.

FIG. 4 shows an example illustrative execution scenario 400 for exampleimplementation exchange logic 499. In a pre-exchange proposal (402),reciprocal 110 and leading 120 exchange parties agree to exchange anasset 118 and the leading exchange party 120 may send a challenge puzzle112 to the reciprocal exchange party 110.

During reciprocal establishment (404), the reciprocal exchange party 110may lock an asset transaction 116 using a peer challenge 114 based onthe challenge puzzle 112, address the cryptologically-locked assettransaction, such that the asset 118 is transferred to the leadingexchange party 120 upon release of the cryptologically-locked assettransaction 116. The reciprocal party may digitally sign thecryptologically-locked asset transaction 116.

During request establishment (406), the example implementation exchangelogic 499 may obtain the peer challenge 114 and thecryptologically-locked asset transaction 116. The example implementationexchange logic 499 may identify the leading party, for example, byreading the target address of the locked asset transaction. The exchangeplatform may send a request for the exchange key to the leading exchangeparty 120. The request 115 for the exchange key may include at least areference to each of the peer challenge 114 and thecryptologically-locked asset transaction 116. In some cases, exampleimplementation exchange logic 499 may sign the request 115.

Additionally or alternatively, the leading party 120 may send a requestto the exchange platform to initiate finalization of thecryptologically-locked asset transaction 116. For example, in somecases, initiation by the leading party 120 may occur in place of therequest from the example implementation exchange logic 499. In theexample, the leading party 120 may send a communication to the exchangeplatform based on information obtained (e.g., such as the identity ofthe exchange platform) from the pre-exchange proposal. In some cases,the communication from the leading party 120 initiating the exchange mayinclude the exchange key.

During key provision (408), the leading exchange party 120 may send theexchange key to the example implementation exchange logic 499. Theleading exchange party may sign the exchange key 122 prior to provisionto the example implementation exchange logic 499. The leading exchangeparty 120 and the example implementation exchange logic 499 may takesteps (e.g., encrypting the key transfer or otherwise obfuscating thetransfer) to ensure the exchange key 122 remains private and is notexposed prior to symmetric release of the cryptologically-locked assettransaction 116.

During verification (410), the example implementation exchange logic 499apply the exchange key 122 to the peer challenge 114 to verify that theexchange key 122 is a solution to the peer challenge 114. Further, insome cases, the leading party 120 may review the cryptologically-lockedasset transaction 116 to ensure that the cryptologically-locked assettransaction 116 is configured to release the same asset 118 that wasagreed to in the pre-exchange proposal

During finalization (412), if the exchange key 122 corresponds to asolution to the peer challenge 114 and any compulsory signatures areprovided by the reciprocal 110 and/or leading 120 parties, the exampleimplementation exchange logic 499 may sign the cryptologically-lockedasset transaction 116 to provide the final condition for release of thetransaction 116. The release of the cryptologically-locked assettransaction (e.g., provision of the signature 124 and provision of theexchange key to the reciprocal exchange party 110) may be executedsymmetrically. In some cases, neither exchange party is providedknowledge/status associated with the released transaction until bothparties have (or at least have access to) such correspondingknowledge/status. In some cases, symmetric execution may includeprovision of knowledge/status to the parties within time windows setupby the peer challenges or other time period calculated to ensure theinterests of the parties are equally (e.g., symmetrically) protected.

The methods, devices, processing, circuitry, and logic described aboveand in the specific illustrative examples below may be implemented inmany different ways and in many different combinations of hardware andsoftware. For example, all or parts of the implementations may becircuitry that includes an instruction processor, such as a CentralProcessing Unit (CPU), microcontroller, or a microprocessor; or as anApplication Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Programmable LogicDevice (PLD), or Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA); or as circuitrythat includes discrete logic or other circuit components, includinganalog circuit components, digital circuit components or both; or anycombination thereof. The circuitry may include discrete interconnectedhardware components or may be combined on a single integrated circuitdie, distributed among multiple integrated circuit dies, or implementedin a Multiple Chip Module (MCM) of multiple integrated circuit dies in acommon package, as examples.

Accordingly, the circuitry may store or access instructions forexecution, in hardware, or may implement its functionality in hardwarealone. The instructions may be stored in a tangible storage medium thatis other than a transitory signal, such as a flash memory, a RandomAccess Memory (RAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM), an Erasable ProgrammableRead Only Memory (EPROM); or on a magnetic or optical disc, such as aCompact Disc Read Only Memory (CDROM), Hard Disk Drive (HDD), or othermagnetic or optical disk; or in or on another machine-readable medium. Aproduct, such as a computer program product, may include a storagemedium and instructions stored in or on the medium, and the instructionswhen executed by the circuitry in a device may cause the device toimplement any of the processing described above or illustrated in thedrawings.

The implementations may be distributed. For instance, the circuitry mayinclude multiple distinct system components, such as multiple processorsand memories, and may span multiple distributed processing systems.Parameters, databases, and other data structures may be separatelystored and managed, may be incorporated into a single memory ordatabase, may be logically and physically organized in many differentways, and may be implemented in many different ways. Exampleimplementations include linked lists, program variables, hash tables,arrays, records (e.g., database records), objects, and implicit storagemechanisms. Instructions may form parts (e.g., subroutines or other codesections) of a single program, may form multiple separate programs, maybe distributed across multiple memories and processors, and may beimplemented in many different ways. Example implementations includestand-alone programs, and as part of a library, such as a shared librarylike a Dynamic Link Library (DLL). The library, for example, may containshared data and one or more shared programs that include instructionsthat perform any of the processing described above or illustrated in thedrawings, when executed by the circuitry.

Various implementations may use the techniques and architecturesdescribed above.

A1 In an example, a system includes: network interface circuitryconfigured to: obtain a peer challenge: the peer challenge established,at least in part, in a pre-exchange proposal between a reciprocalexchange party and a leading exchange party; the peer challengeconfigured to designate an exchange execution platform for acryptologically-locked asset transaction, the exchange executionplatform selected during the pre-exchange proposal, thecryptologically-locked asset transaction configured to, when released,transfer an asset to the leading exchange party; the peer challengeconfigured to release the cryptologically-locked asset transaction,after: an exchange key is provided by leading exchange party, and thecryptologically-locked asset transaction is signed by the exchangeexecution platform; and obtain the exchange key to facilitate release ofthe cryptologically-locked asset transaction, the exchange keyoriginating from the leading exchange party; and exchange circuitry indata communication with the network interface circuitry and operating onbehalf of the exchange execution platform, the exchange circuitryconfigured to: execute the release of the cryptologically-lockedtransaction asset by: generating a request for the exchange key from theexchange party; verifying the exchange key against the peer challenge;and after verification of the exchange key, finalizing by: facilitatingrelease of the cryptologically-locked asset transaction by signing thecryptologically-locked asset transaction; and at a time of authorizingrelease of the cryptologically-locked asset transaction, releasing theexchange key to the reciprocal exchange party.

A2 The system of example A1, where: the cryptologically-locked assettransaction configured to, upon expiry without release, return an assetto a sender instead of transferring the asset to the leading exchangeparty; the cryptologically-locked asset transaction is configured toestablish a timeout window; and after expiry of the timeout window, thecryptologically-locked asset transaction is configured to expire withoutrelease.

A3 The system of example A1 or A2, where the pre-exchange proposalincludes: transfer of a cryptologic puzzle from the leading exchangeparty to the reciprocal exchange party while withholding the exchangekey, the exchange key corresponding to a solution of the cryptologicpuzzle.

A4 The system of any of examples A1-A3, where a reciprocal node, onbehalf of the reciprocal exchange party, is configured to generate thepeer challenge based on the cryptologic puzzle.

A5 The system of any of examples A1-A4, where the exchange circuitry isconfigured to release the exchange key to the reciprocal exchange partyby: publishing the exchange key on a distributed ledger; storing theexchange key in a decrypted form; distributing the exchange key over apeer network; encrypting the exchange key using a public key associatedwith the reciprocal exchange party; addressing the exchange key to thereciprocal exchange party; sending, via the network interface circuitry,the exchange key to a reciprocal node over a communication link, thereciprocal node associated with the reciprocal exchange party; or anycombination of the foregoing.

A6 The system of any of examples A1-A5, where the network interfacecircuitry is configured to obtain the peer challenge by: receiving thepeer challenge over a communication link from a reciprocal nodeassociated with the reciprocal exchange party; accessing the peerchallenge on a distributed ledger; receiving the peer challenge from apeer node within a peer network; or any combination of the foregoing.

A7 The system of any of examples A1-A6, where the cryptologically-lockedasset transaction is digitally signed using a reciprocal private keyassociated with the reciprocal exchange party.

A8 The system of any of examples A1-A7, where exchange circuitry isconfigured to verify the exchange key against the peer challenge by:sending the cryptologically-locked asset transaction to the leadingexchange party; and after sending the cryptologically-locked assettransaction, obtaining the cryptologically-locked asset transactiondigitally signed using a leading private key associated with the leadingexchange party.

A9 The system of any of examples A1-A8, where the peer challengeincludes a hash.

A10 The system of any of examples A1-A9, where the request for theexchange key includes: a reference to the peer challenge; a reference tothe cryptologically-locked asset transaction; the peer challenge; thecryptologically-locked asset transaction; or any combination of theforegoing.

B1 In an example, a method includes: at network interface circuitry:obtaining a peer challenge: the peer challenge established, at least inpart, in a pre-exchange proposal between a reciprocal exchange party anda leading exchange party; the peer challenge configured to designate anexchange execution platform for a cryptologically-locked assettransaction, the exchange execution platform selected during thepre-exchange proposal, the cryptologically-locked asset transactionconfigured to, when released, transfer an asset to the leading exchangeparty; the peer challenge configured to release thecryptologically-locked asset transaction, after: an exchange key isprovided by leading exchange party, and the cryptologically-locked assettransaction is signed by the exchange execution platform; and obtainingthe exchange key to facilitate release of the cryptologically-lockedasset transaction, the exchange key originating from the leadingexchange party; and at exchange circuitry in data communication with thenetwork interface circuitry and operating on behalf of the exchangeexecution platform: executing the release of the cryptologically-lockedtransaction asset by: generating a request for the exchange key from theexchange party; verifying the exchange key against the peer challenge;and after verification of the exchange key, finalizing by: facilitatingrelease of the cryptologically-locked asset transaction by signing thecryptologically-locked asset transaction; and at a time of authorizingrelease of the cryptologically-locked asset transaction, releasing theexchange key to the reciprocal exchange party.

B2 The method of example B1, where releasing the exchange key to thereciprocal exchange party includes: publishing the exchange key on adistributed ledger; storing the exchange key in a decrypted form;distributing the exchange key over a peer network; encrypting theexchange key using a public key associated with the reciprocal exchangeparty; addressing the exchange key to the reciprocal exchange party;sending, via the network interface circuitry, the exchange key to areciprocal node over a communication link, the reciprocal nodeassociated with the reciprocal exchange party; or any combination of theforegoing.

B3 The method of example B1 or B2, where obtaining the peer challengeincludes: receiving the peer challenge over a communication link from areciprocal node associated with the reciprocal exchange party; accessingthe peer challenge on a distributed ledger; receiving the peer challengefrom a peer node within a peer network; or any combination of theforegoing.

B4 The method of any examples B1-B3, where the cryptologically-lockedasset transaction is digitally signed using a reciprocal private keyassociated with the reciprocal exchange party.

B5 The method of any examples B1-B4, where verifying the exchange keyagainst the peer challenge includes: sending the cryptologically-lockedasset transaction to the leading exchange party; and after sending thecryptologically-locked asset transaction, obtaining thecryptologically-locked asset transaction digitally signed using aleading private key associated with the leading exchange party.

B6 The method of any examples B1-B5, where the peer challenge includes ahashed time lock.

B7 The method of any examples B1-B6, where the request for the exchangekey includes: a reference to the peer challenge; a reference to thecryptologically-locked asset transaction; the peer challenge; thecryptologically-locked asset transaction; or any combination of theforegoing.

C1 In an example, a product includes: machine-readable media other thana transitory signal; and instructions stored on the machine-readablemedia, the instructions configured to, when executed, cause a machineto: at network interface circuitry: obtain a peer challenge: the peerchallenge established, at least in part, in a pre-exchange proposalbetween a reciprocal exchange party and a leading exchange party; thepeer challenge configured to designate an exchange execution platformfor a cryptologically-locked asset transaction, the exchange executionplatform selected during the pre-exchange proposal, thecryptologically-locked asset transaction configured to, when released,transfer an asset to the leading exchange party; the peer challengeconfigured to release the cryptologically-locked asset transaction,after: an exchange key is provided by leading exchange party, and thecryptologically-locked asset transaction is signed by the exchangeexecution platform; and obtain the exchange key to facilitate release ofthe cryptologically-locked asset transaction, the exchange keyoriginating from the leading exchange party; and at exchange circuitryin data communication with the network interface circuitry and operatingon behalf of the exchange execution platform: execute the release of thecryptologically-locked transaction asset by: generating a request forthe exchange key from the exchange party; verifying the exchange keyagainst the peer challenge; and after verification of the exchange key,finalizing by: facilitating release of the cryptologically-locked assettransaction by signing the cryptologically-locked asset transaction; andat a time of authorizing release of the cryptologically-locked assettransaction, releasing the exchange key to the reciprocal exchangeparty.

C2 The product of example C1, where the pre-exchange proposal includes:transfer of a cryptologic puzzle from the leading exchange party to thereciprocal exchange party while withholding the exchange key, theexchange key corresponding to a solution of the cryptologic puzzle.

The product of example C1 or C2, where a reciprocal node, on behalf ofthe reciprocal exchange party, is configured to generate the peerchallenge based on the cryptologic puzzle.

D1 In an example, a system includes: network interface circuitryconfigured to: obtain a peer challenge: the peer challenge established,at least in part, in a pre-exchange proposal between a reciprocalexchange party and a leading exchange party; the peer challengeconfigured to designate an exchange execution platform for acryptologically-locked asset transaction, the exchange executionplatform selected during the pre-exchange proposal, thecryptologically-locked asset transaction configured to, when released,transfer an asset to the leading exchange party; the peer challengeconfigured to release the cryptologically-locked asset transaction,after: an exchange key is provided on behalf of the leading exchangeparty, and the cryptologically-locked asset transaction is signed by theexchange execution platform; and obtain a request to release thecryptologically-locked asset transaction, the request originating fromthe leading exchange party; and exchange circuitry in data communicationwith the network interface circuitry and operating on behalf of theexchange execution platform, the exchange circuitry configured to:execute the release of the cryptologically-locked transaction asset by:based on the request, obtaining the exchange key; verifying the exchangekey against the peer challenge; and after verification of the exchangekey, finalizing by: facilitating release of the cryptologically-lockedasset transaction by signing the cryptologically-locked assettransaction; and symmetrically, along with authorizing release of thecryptologically-locked asset transaction, releasing the exchange key tothe reciprocal exchange party.

D2 The system of example D1, where: the request includes the exchangekey; and the exchange circuitry is configured to obtain the exchange keyby extracting the exchange key from the request.

D3 The system of either of examples D1 or D2, where the pre-exchangeproposal further identifies the exchange execution platform.

D4 The system of any of examples D1-D3, where the request is addressedto the exchange execution platform.

D5 The system of any of examples D1-D4, where the network interfacecircuitry is configured to obtain the request by: accessing the requeston a distributed ledger; decrypting the request using a private keyassociated with an identity controlled by the exchange executionplatform; receiving the request from a peer node within a peer network;or any combination of the foregoing.

D6 The system of any of examples D1-D5, where the request is signedusing a private key associated with an identity controlled by theleading exchange party.

D7 The system of any of examples D1-D6, where the network interfacecircuitry is configured to obtain the request after a leading nodeassociated with the leading exchange party performs an inspection of thecryptologically-locked asset transaction.

D8 The system of any of examples D1-D7, where the inspection includes adetermination that the asset includes an asset defined in thepre-exchange proposal.

D9 The system of any of examples D1-D8, where the request does notinclude the exchange key.

D10 The system of any of examples D1-D9, where the exchange circuitry isconfigured to obtain the exchange key by: sending a communication to theleading exchange party in response to request; accessing the exchangekey based on a reference within the request; receiving a messageincluding the exchange key, the message sent on behalf of the leadingexchange party, the message separate from the request; or anycombination of the foregoing.

E1 In an example, a method includes: at network interface circuitry:

obtaining a peer challenge: the peer challenge established, at least inpart, in a pre-exchange proposal between a reciprocal exchange party anda leading exchange party; the peer challenge configured to designate anexchange execution platform for a cryptologically-locked assettransaction, the exchange execution platform selected during thepre-exchange proposal, the cryptologically-locked asset transactionconfigured to, when released, transfer an asset to the leading exchangeparty; the peer challenge configured to release thecryptologically-locked asset transaction, after: an exchange key isprovided on behalf of the leading exchange party, and thecryptologically-locked asset transaction is signed by the exchangeexecution platform; and obtaining a request to release thecryptologically-locked asset transaction, the request originating fromthe leading exchange party; and at exchange circuitry in datacommunication with the network interface circuitry and operating onbehalf of the exchange execution platform: executing the release of thecryptologically-locked transaction asset by: based on the request,obtaining the exchange key; verifying the exchange key against the peerchallenge; and after verification of the exchange key, finalizing by:facilitating release of the cryptologically-locked asset transaction bysigning the cryptologically-locked asset transaction; and symmetrically,along with authorizing release of the cryptologically-locked assettransaction, releasing the exchange key to the reciprocal exchangeparty.

E2 The method of example E1, where: the request includes the exchangekey; and where obtaining the exchange key includes extracting theexchange key from the request.

E3 The method of either of examples E1 or E2, where the pre-exchangeproposal further identifies the exchange execution platform.

E4 The method of any of examples E1-E3, where the request is addressedto the exchange execution platform.

E5 The method of any of examples E1-E4, where obtaining the requestincludes: accessing the request on a distributed ledger; decrypting therequest using a private key associated with an identity controlled bythe exchange execution platform; receiving the request from a peer nodewithin a peer network; or any combination of the foregoing.

E6 The method of any of examples E1-E5, where the request is signedusing a private key associated with an identity controlled by theleading exchange party.

E7 The method of any of examples E1-E6, where the network interfacecircuitry is configured to obtain the request after a leading nodeassociated with the leading exchange party performs an inspection of thecryptologically-locked asset transaction.

E8 The method of any of examples E1-E7, where the inspection includes adetermination that the asset includes an asset defined in thepre-exchange proposal.

F1 In an example, a product includes: machine-readable media other thana transitory signal; and instructions stored on the machine-readablemedia, the instructions configured to, when executed, cause a machineto: at network interface circuitry: obtain a peer challenge: the peerchallenge established, at least in part, in a pre-exchange proposalbetween a reciprocal exchange party and a leading exchange party; thepeer challenge configured to designate an exchange execution platformfor a cryptologically-locked asset transaction, the exchange executionplatform selected during the pre-exchange proposal, thecryptologically-locked asset transaction configured to, when released,transfer an asset to the leading exchange party; the peer challengeconfigured to release the cryptologically-locked asset transaction,after: an exchange key is provided on behalf of the leading exchangeparty, and the cryptologically-locked asset transaction is signed by theexchange execution platform; and obtain a request to release thecryptologically-locked asset transaction, the request originating fromthe leading exchange party; and at exchange circuitry in datacommunication with the network interface circuitry and operating onbehalf of the exchange execution platform: execute the release of thecryptologically-locked transaction asset by: based on the request,obtaining the exchange key; verifying the exchange key against the peerchallenge; and after verification of the exchange key, finalizing by:facilitating release of the cryptologically-locked asset transaction bysigning the cryptologically-locked asset transaction; and symmetrically,along with authorizing release of the cryptologically-locked assettransaction, releasing the exchange key to the reciprocal exchangeparty.

F2 The product of example F1, where: the cryptologically-locked assettransaction configured to, upon expiry without release, return an assetto a sender instead of transferring the asset to the leading exchangeparty; the cryptologically-locked asset transaction is configured toestablish a timeout window; and after expiry of the timeout window, thecryptologically-locked asset transaction is configured to expire withoutrelease.

G1 A method implemented by operation of a system of any of examplesA1-A10 and D1-D10.

H1 A product including instructions stored on a machine-readable medium,the instructions configured to cause a machine to implement the methodof example G1.

Various implementations have been specifically described. However, manyother implementations are also possible.

1. A system including: network interface circuitry configured to: obtaina peer challenge: the peer challenge configured to identify an exchangeexecution platform for a cryptologically-locked asset transaction, thecryptologically-locked asset transaction configured to, when released,transfer an asset to a leading exchange party; the peer challengeconfigured to release the cryptologically-locked asset transaction,after: an exchange key is provided on behalf of the leading exchangeparty, and the cryptologically-locked asset transaction is signed by theexchange execution platform; obtain the cryptologically-locked assettransaction; and obtain a request to release the cryptologically-lockedasset transaction, the request originating from the leading exchangeparty, the request addressed to the exchange execution platform; andexchange circuitry including memory and one or more processors, theexchange circuitry in data communication with the network interfacecircuitry and operating on behalf of the exchange execution platform,the memory including executable instructions configured to cause the oneor more processors to: execute the release of the cryptologically-lockedasset transaction by: based on the request, obtaining the exchange key;verifying the exchange key against the peer challenge; and afterverification of the exchange key, finalizing by: facilitating release ofthe cryptologically-locked asset transaction by signing thecryptologically-locked asset transaction; and coordinated withauthorizing release of the cryptologically-locked asset transaction,symmetrically releasing the exchange key to a reciprocal exchange party.2. The system of claim 1, where: the request includes the exchange key;and the exchange circuitry is configured to obtain the exchange key byextracting the exchange key from the request. 3.-4. (canceled)
 5. Thesystem of claim 1, where the network interface circuitry is configuredto obtain the request by: accessing the request on a distributed ledger;decrypting the request using a private key associated with an identitycontrolled by the exchange execution platform; receiving the requestfrom a peer node within a peer network; or any combination of theforegoing.
 6. The system of claim 1, where the request is signed using aprivate key associated with an identity controlled by the leadingexchange party.
 7. The system of claim 1, where the network interfacecircuitry is configured to obtain the request from a leading nodeassociated with the leading exchange party.
 8. The system of claim 7,where the inspection includes a determination that the asset includes anasset defined in the pre-exchange proposal.
 9. The system of claim 1,where the request does not include the exchange key.
 10. The system ofclaim 9, where the exchange circuitry is configured to obtain theexchange key by: sending a communication to the leading exchange partyin response to request; accessing the exchange key based on a referencewithin the request; receiving a message including the exchange key, themessage sent on behalf of the leading exchange party, the messageseparate from the request; or any combination of the foregoing. 11.-20.(canceled)
 21. A method including: at network interface circuitry:obtaining a peer challenge: the peer challenge configured to identify anexchange execution platform for a cryptologically-locked assettransaction, the cryptologically-locked asset transaction configured to,when released, transfer an asset to a leading exchange party; the peerchallenge configured to release the cryptologically-locked assettransaction, after: an exchange key is provided on behalf of the leadingexchange party, and the cryptologically-locked asset transaction issigned by the exchange execution platform; obtaining thecryptologically-locked asset transaction; and obtaining a request torelease the cryptologically-locked asset transaction, the requestoriginating from the leading exchange party, the request addressed tothe exchange execution platform; and at exchange circuitry includingmemory and one or more processors, the exchange circuitry in datacommunication with the network interface circuitry and operating onbehalf of the exchange execution platform: executing the release of thecryptologically-locked asset transaction by: based on the request,obtaining the exchange key; verifying the exchange key against the peerchallenge; and after verification of the exchange key, finalizing by:facilitating release of the cryptologically-locked asset transaction bysigning the cryptologically-locked asset transaction; and coordinatedwith authorizing release of the cryptologically-locked assettransaction, symmetrically releasing the exchange key to a reciprocalexchange party.
 22. The method of claim 21, where: the request includesthe exchange key; and where obtaining the exchange key includesextracting the exchange key from the request.
 23. The method of claim21, where obtaining the request includes: accessing the request on adistributed ledger; decrypting the request using a private keyassociated with an identity controlled by the exchange executionplatform; receiving the request from a peer node within a peer network;or any combination of the foregoing.
 24. The method of claim 21, wherethe request is signed using a private key associated with an identitycontrolled by the leading exchange party.
 25. The method of claim 21,where the network interface circuitry is configured to obtain therequest from a leading node associated with the leading exchange party.26. The method of claim 25, where the inspection includes adetermination that the asset includes an asset defined in thepre-exchange proposal.
 27. A product including: machine-readable mediaother than a transitory signal; and instructions stored on themachine-readable media, the instructions configured to, when executed,cause a machine to: at network interface circuitry: obtain a peerchallenge: the peer challenge configured to identify an exchangeexecution platform for a cryptologically-locked asset transaction, thecryptologically-locked asset transaction configured to, when released,transfer an asset to a leading exchange party; the peer challengeconfigured to release the cryptologically-locked asset transaction,after:  an exchange key is provided on behalf of the leading exchangeparty, and  the cryptologically-locked asset transaction is signed bythe exchange execution platform; obtain the cryptologically-locked assettransaction; and obtain a request to release the cryptologically-lockedasset transaction, the request originating from the leading exchangeparty, the request addressed to the exchange execution platform andincluding the exchange key; and at exchange circuitry including memoryand one or more processors, the exchange circuitry in data communicationwith the network interface circuitry and operating on behalf of theexchange execution platform: execute the release of thecryptologically-locked asset transaction by: extracting the exchange keyfrom the request; verifying the exchange key against the peer challenge;and after verification of the exchange key, finalizing by:  facilitatingrelease of the cryptologically-locked asset transaction by signing thecryptologically-locked asset transaction; and  coordinated withauthorizing release of the cryptologically-locked asset transaction,symmetrically releasing the exchange key to a reciprocal exchange party.28. The product of claim 27, where: the cryptologically-locked assettransaction configured to, upon expiry without release, return an assetto a sender instead of transferring the asset to the leading exchangeparty; the cryptologically-locked asset transaction is configured toestablish a timeout window; and after expiry of the timeout window, thecryptologically-locked asset transaction is configured to expire withoutrelease.